It will soon be time to redesign my website for the “Web 2.0 Age.” I have seriously looked at two platforms, Drupal and Joomla, with which to accomplish this. Drupal and Joomla offer comprehensive packages that, in Drupal, include a blog and forum as core modules. These platforms can be achieved through CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and PHP (Personal Home Page or PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) code modifications. However, these platforms are complex, and learning how to install, manage, and customize these platforms can be daunting.
After studying the two platforms, including using them both on my testbed platform and the Internet, I decided to look at WordPress as a possible solution to my future Web needs. I was surprised to discover that the latest version of WordPress is easy to install, easy to use, and easy to theme. I will describe how to install and customize WordPress 2.5 in this article.
INSTALL WORDPRESS IN FIVE EASY STEPS
(1) Download WordPress
I created a ” WordPress ” directory on my PC to collect the files and images for my WordPress installation and customization. The first installation step is to download WordPress from http://wordpress.org/download/. Once the download was completed, I saved the .zip file.
(2) Unzip WordPress
After saving the file, I opened it with the zip/unzip program and selected all files. Since I will be testing and modifying WordPress locally, to begin with, I “extracted” the files to the root directory of the Apache server I use for my PC testbed.
If I were to install WordPress “for real” on a live website, I would have used an FTP client to upload the .zip file to the desired directory at my hosting service and unzipped the file there. Firefox has a terrific and *free* FTP client, FireFTP, that can be used to upload.
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(3) Create the Database
At this point, the WordPress database needs to be created. WordPress requires a database to store the site content and other information. I use MySQL for my database server on my PC testbed and live sites. I use phpMyAdmin as an interface to MySQL.
Creating the database is simple using phpMyAdmin. I start phpMyAdmin, enter the database name, and hit the “Create” button. WordPress will create the tables it needs in the database.
(4) Create wp-config.php
WordPress needs to know how to access the database once it has been created. That’s what the wp-config.php file is for. WordPress includes a file called “wp-config-sample.php.” This file needs to be modified with the database access information and renamed “wp-config.php.”
Open the config file with any text editor. The critical entries are DB_NAME, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, and DB_HOST. I obtained a unique SECRET_KEY as an enhanced security measure and pasted it into the file. I then saved the edited file as wp-config.php. The text below shows the code I changed:
- // ** MySQL settings ** //
- define(‘DB_NAME’, ‘wordpress’); // The name of the database
- define(‘DB_USER’, ‘active’); // Your MySQL username
- define(‘DB_PASSWORD’, ‘MyPassword’); // …and password
- define(‘DB_HOST’, ‘localhost’); // 99% chance you won’t need to change this value
- // Change SECRET_KEY to a unique phrase. You won’t have to remember it later,
- // so make it long and complicated. You can visit http://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.0/
- // to generate a secret key for you or make something up.
define(‘SECRET_KEY’, ‘diq`~@|CH6)l@u>x;hA>1ew1maZ/)ToE!y%}}ZYAI!=V^L()eooB!0V+k8LJa!Eh’); // Change this to a unique phrase.
(5) Run the WordPress Installer
After completing the edit of the wp-config.php file, I started the installation script by entering this URL to my Apache server into my browser:
- localhost/WordPress/wp-admin/install.php
- For a live site, the URL might be something like this:
- yourdomain.com/wordpress/wp-admin/install.php
The first installation screen asks for the blog name and contact email address. The next screen announces a successful installation and provides a username and password for the administrator. Be sure to save this password! The building is now complete. I can now log into WordPress and begin managing the Blog, customizing the theme, or adding content.
Or, I can click the link at the top of the login screen and go to the Blog’s home page. If you don’t manually create a wp-config.php file, WordPress will prompt the information and complete the installation. That’s it! WordPress should now be installed.
STYLING WORDPRESS — THE JAKOB DESIGN
The current design for my website, SelectDigitals.com, is based on the work and philosophy of Jakob Nielsen, http://www.useit.com/. Nielsen’s work has been dedicated to making usable websites that deliver easy-to-find and easy-to-read.
The design of Nielsen’s site (and my site, by permission) is elegantly simple and focuses on delivering content. WordPress also focuses on delivering content. So, my first WordPress design will endeavor to maintain the look and feel of our sites with the added feature of visitor interactivity. I will refer to this as the Jakob design.
Six major components make up the look of the default WordPress Blog:
1. Header Graphic,
2. Blog Title,
3. Tagline,
4. Page,
5. Background, to and
6. Footer.
To make the Jakob blog load quickly, I decided not to use a header or footer graphic, and since the design will essentially be the default WordPress theme with a new coat, only a little graphic design work needs to be done. I only needed one graphic to generate the blog page with its two-column effect. The blog page will “float” centered in a dark-blue *body* background that will frame the page.
Creating the Graphic
The image directory for the default WordPress theme shows the default images used for the Kubrick look. For now, there is only one file of particular interest: kubrickbgwide.jpg. The other Kubrick images are unnecessary for “Fancy,” a more complex Jakob design.
The Blog’s page will be created from a “slice” through the center of the new design. The slice is a narrow image of the width of the blog page. I began my layout by laying out a basic page (760px X 600px) in Adobe Illustrator. I like using Illustrator for artwork of this kind, although other programs could be used, too. I filled the basic page with the page’s background color (not to be confused with the dark blue *body* background). The light background color will “show off” colored text, such as the Blog’s title and tagline.
I overlayed the page with two rectangles, or “columns.” The left-hand, 510px-wide column is filled with a pastel yellow color; the right-hand column, 230px wide, is filled with a pastel blue color. The two columns fit within the basic page with a 10px border of page background around them.
In Illustrator, I placed a 760px X 40px rectangle on the page and used this to make a slice. A slice is a representative piece of a larger image, in this case, of the blog design. I saved the portion as kubrickbgwide.jpg. Kubrickbgwide.jpg will be used to generate the blog page background. As new content is added to the blog page, copies of the piece will be stacked vertically to “grow” the two-column ground. This is the only image a browser needs to generate the Blog’s home page. The Blog will, therefore, load very quickly.
It’s been pretty easy so far. The rest of the design is accomplished through the theme’s CSS file and/or the WordPress administrative interface.
CSS Changes
The default CSS file is in the wp-content_themes_default directory. The CSS text below shows the code changes to style.css. Before making any changes to the default CSS file, I always save a copy of the original. The CSS file can be opened and modified with any text editor. Text to be deleted will be shown within square brackets, and new or modified text will be shown without brackets.
- /* Begin Typography & Colors */
- body {
- [background: #d5d6d7 url(‘images/kubrickbgcolor.jpg’);]
- background: #636f89; /* Set the Body background color to blue */
- }
- #page {
- [background-color: white;]
- [border: 1px solid #959596;]
- border: none;
- }
- [#header {
- background: #73a0c5 url(‘images/kubrickheader.jpg’) no-repeat bottom center;
- }
- #headerimg {
- margin: 7px 9px 0;
- height: 192px;
- width: 740px;
- }]
- #footer {
- [background: #eee url(‘images/kubrickfooter.jpg’) no-repeat top;]
- background: #fffef2; /* Very light yellow */
- }
- h1, h1 a, h1 a:hover, h1 a:visited, #headerimg [.description] {
- text-decoration: none;
- [color: white;]
- color:red; /* Make the title red */
- padding-bottom: .5em; /* Put a little space between the title and tagline */
- }
- .description {
- text-decoration: none;
- color: blue; /* Make the tagline blue */
- text-align: center;
- }
- /* End Typography & Colors */
- /* Begin Structure */
- #page {
- [background-color: white;]
- background-color: fffef2; /* Very light yellow */
- [border: 1px solid #959596;]
- border: none;
- }
- #header {
- [background-color: #73a0c5;]
- background-color: #fffef2; /* Very light yellow */
- }
- /* End Structure */
- The newly designed blog page is accomplished after making and saving these changes to the style.css file.
STYLING WORDPRESS — THE FANCY DRES’S DESIGN
Although I like the simplicity of the Jakob blog design, it will not appeal to everyone. Lots of people love “glitz.” The price of a fancy WordPress dress is often a slower-loading blog with no increase in usability. However, for those who want to “dress up” the appearance of their Blog, here are additional ways this can be accomplished.
First, it should be noted that the background of the default WordPress page uses header (kubrickheader.jpg) and footer (kubrickfooter.jpg) graphics. These graphics are not filled with a solid color, as in the Jakob design, but with gradients. There also appears to be a tiny drop shadow under the page.
Because of the complexity of the default page, additional graphics are required, and thus, more slices will be needed. Additionally, when a more complex body background is desired to “float” the page, a “seed” image for this might also be required (this is what the kubrickbgcolor.jpg image is for).
As before, I created a drawing of the blog page in Illustrator. The carrier, with rounded corners, floats on the default WordPress background, has a yellow gradient, and has a small drop shadow.
I first created a 760px X 600px rectangle on the Illustrator artboard. I filled this rectangle with the background color (C:8, M:6, Y:6, K:0).
Next, using the Rounded Rectangle Tool, I drew a 736px X 584px rectangle and filled it with the yellow gradient. I made the page as large as possible within the background while leaving enough room for the drop shadow.
Finally, I gave the rounded rectangle a small drop shadow.
To ensure that the slices will merge perfectly into the *body* background, I created a 60px X 60px square of the same background color (C:8, M:6, Y:6, K:0) and saved it as kubrickbgcolor.jpg. The small image will be used to “paint” the body background. This is an important step as the background used for the body and the ge must match perfectly with the Fancy design.
Creating the Slices
I placed a 760px X 200px rectangle on the layout described above using the Rectangle Tool. I positioned this rectangle at the top of the design and made a slice for the header graphic. Before doing this, I turned off stroke and fill.
I saved the slice as kubrickheader.jpg.
I created the footer and page slices similarly and renamed themter.jpg and kubrickbgwide.jpg, respectively. Kubrickfooter.jpg is 760px X 63px, and kubrickbgwide is 760px X 40px.
There are two other Kubrick images in the images directory: kubrickbg-ltr.jpg and kubrickbg-rtl.jpg (left to right and right to left). These images are the same as kubrickbgwide.jpg. So, I made two copies of kubrickbgwide.jpg and renamed them accordingly.
CSS Changes
The default CSS file is in the wp-content_themes_default directory. The CSS text below shows the code changes to style.css. Square brackets show which codes to delete and new codes are shown without brackets. Before making the change, I copied and saved the original file. For the Fancy design, the CSS changes are minimal.
- /* Begin Typography & Colors */
- body {
- [background: #d5d6d7 url(‘images/kubrickbgcolor.jpg’);]
- background: #e7e7e7 url(‘images/kubrickbgcolor.jpg’);
- }
- #page {
- [background-color: white;]
- [border: 1px solid #959596;]
- }
- #header {
- [background: #73a0c5 url(‘images/kubrickheader.jpg’) no-repeat bottom center;]
- background: #e7e7e7 url(‘images/kubrickheader.jpg’) no-repeat bottom center;
- }
- #footer {
- [background: #eee url(‘images/kubrickfooter.jpg’) no-repeat top;]
- background: #e7e7e7 url(‘images/kubrickfooter.jpg’) no-repeat top;
- }
- h1, h1 a, h1 a:hover, h1 a:visited, #headerimg [description]{
- [color: white;]
- color:red; /* Make the blog title red */
- padding-bottom: .5em; /* Put a little space between the title and tagline */
- }
- .description {
- text-decoration: none;
- color: blue; /* Make the blog tagline blue */
- text-align: center;
- }
- /* End Typography & Colors */
- /* Begin Structure */
- #page {
- [background-color: white;]
- background-color: #e7e7e7;
- [border: 1px solid #959596;]
- border: none; }
- #header {
- [background-color: #73a0c5;]
- background-color: #e7e7e7;
- }
- /* End Structure */
- After the design and CSS work, WordPress shows its new clothes to the whole Internet.
- Yours for a more successful blog.
